Since it was put into effect, RERA has been gaining increasing traction, particularly in terms of handling consumer complaints among various states and UTs. According to data from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, as of November 28, 2023, the relevant state authorities had resolved up to 1,16,300 cases.

Out of this, 38% cases (approx. 44,602 complaints) were resolved in Uttar Pradesh alone, followed by Haryana with 20,604 cases (18%) and Maharashtra with 15,423 cases (13%). The three states cumulatively accounted for nearly 69% of the total disposed cases under RERA in the country.

Registrations for projects and real estate agents under RERA have also been increasing steadily. Almost 1,16,117 projects and 82,755 real estate brokers nationwide were registered under RERA as of November 28, 2023. Approximately 71,307 projects and 56,177 real estate agents were registered over the same period in 2021. This represents a 63% and 47% growth, respectively, over the previous two years.

“Resolving homebuyer concerns is one of the main functions of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, which it has been demonstrably fulfilling,” says Anuj Puri, Chairman – ANAROCK Group. “More than 1.16 lakh consumer complaints have been handled by the various state and union territories’ RERA bodies, according to official data from MoHUA. Over the previous two years, the pace of project and real estate agent registrations was not slowed down.”

“In fact, over the past two years, project registrations have increased dramatically by 63%. Also, the RERA authorities of various states and UTs have resolved over 37,397 consumer complaints in this period,” he adds. “Uttar Pradesh has resolved the highest number of cases. Considering how severely Noida and Greater Noida in UP had been impacted by unscrupulous players, this is noteworthy.”

With 36% of all projects registered under RERA to date across 34 states and UTs, Maharashtra continues to lead the field in project registrations. With a share of 16%, Tamil Nadu is next, followed by Telangana and Gujarat, which have shares of roughly 7% and 11%, respectively.

RERA – Pan-India Progress

• Almost all states/UTs have notified rules under RERA. The North-Eastern state of Nagaland is still under process to notify its rules, while West Bengal – which earlier enacted its own legislation – was challenged on this by MoHUA before the Supreme Court. In March 2022, the apex court  struck down the West Bengal Housing Industry Regulation Act, 2017 (WBHIRA), stating that it overlapped with RERA, which was enacted a law in the Parliament.
• 32 States/UTs have set up a Real Estate Regulatory Authority since implementation, and of this at least 5 are interim. Ladakh, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim are yet to establish Real Estate Regulatory Authorities.
• 28 States/UTs have set up Real Estate Appellate Tribunal for disposing of consumer complaints, including 4 as interim. Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, West Bengal and Sikkim are still underway to establish theirs.
• Regulatory authorities of 30 States/UTs have operationalized their websites under RERA provisions. Arunachal Pradesh, and Manipur are under process to operationalize.
• 26 States/UTs have appointed adjudicating officers, while 10 States/UTs i.e., Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh are yet to do so.

Also Read: MahaRERA floats paper on quality of construction

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Residential Real Estate

Housing sales remained upbeat throughout 2022, and the current sales momentum will sustain at least into the first quarter of 2023. Thereafter, much will depend on forces other than the desire for homeownership, such as additional repo rate hikes and property price increases. 2022 saw the repo rate go up by almost 225 bps, and home loan interest rates lost no time in going up concurrently.

So far, the rate hikes have had only a marginal impact on residential absorption. While more affordable housing buyers stepped back from purchase decisions, mid-income and luxury homes sales were not markedly affected. However, there is a tolerance limit even to the most upbeat sentiment.

Readings from ANAROCK’s most recent Consumer Sentiment Survey clearly indicated that if home loan interest rates rise above 9.5% mark, we can expect to see considerable housing demand contraction.

2023 will continue to witness controlled new launches in most of the top cities. The launch trend in 2022 was calculated caution, with developers refraining from putting more inventory on the market than it could reasonably absorb – especially in already abundantly supplied markets.

To illustrate, NCR – a market once notorious for chronic oversupply – saw restricted new supply, which played a major role in reducing unsold inventory there. Since this cautious approach worked well in 2022, it will certainly continue in 2023.

An imminent US recession in 2023, if it unfolds as seems possible now, will impact housing demand in India at least marginally. Reduced flows of IT/ITeS work outsourced to India and further layoffs will leave their mark on residential absorption here. Apart from the fact that IT employees contribute a sizeable chunk of the housing demand here, hawkish Federal rates have a visible impact on Indian stock markets.

Reduced stocks earnings suppress the appetite for discretionary spending and making long-term financial commitments, especially in the cost-intensive housing sector that stays afloat on home loans. Developers have already factored in this possibility, causing them to hold an even tighter rein on new supply until more clarity emerges.

Ready-to-move-in housing will continue to draw most of the demand in 2023. The focus of buyers opting for new launches will not waver from projects by leading and listed players.

Commercial Real Estate

The fate of the Indian commercial real estate sector hands in a fine balance in 2023. The forecast here is cloudy with chances of sunshine.

A global recession would have several direct and considerable repercussions on the Indian commercial office market. This sector depends heavily on expansion by domestic and international corporates.

To understand how a recession in 2023 would affect this sector, it is necessary to understand what makes it tick. Currently, 70% of offices in this country are occupied by foreign companies who focus on cost advantages like sub-dollar rentals for good quality Grade A offices, and almost 80% lower operating cost per full-time employee in India compared to the tier II cities in the US.

2020 was obviously a dull year for the Indian commercial office markets, but the supply and demand picked up in 2021 with 21% and 34% growth respectively over the previous year. 2022 was also upbeat during the first half.

However, from H2’22 onwards, the pall of a threatening recession in the US caused many RFPs (Request for Proposals) to be deferred as the large global corporates wanted a better perspective on the future before leasing new offices.

By the end of the 3rd quarter of his year, the number of Grade A office leases across the top 7 cities is down by 6–10% over 2021. The pace of decreased leases has increased with each passing quarter. The last quarter of 2022 has been marked by increasing caution and reticence by MNC occupiers.

A recession in the US in 2023 will compound this caution and would slow down MNC leasing even further. However, though the number of leases is declining, the deals that were concluded in 2022 showed that occupiers are confident about the future and are taking positions that are leading to an increase in rentals.

The average chargeable area per deal for 9M 2022 is almost at par with the previous year as well as 2019. The average lease term for deals concluded in 9M 2022 is 3 months higher than in 2021. Evidently, occupiers are taking long positions. Average rentals for concluded deals have rose 7-10% in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the previous year.

This bipolar backdrop of negative and positive dynamics means that 2023 will be a year for watching the Indian commercial real estate sector very closely.

Also Read: Real Estate’s Budget Expectations – 2023-24 

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